Braille
Braille is the name given to the system of writing consisting of 63 characters defined by a pattern of six raised dots. The "reader" reads by feeling characters marked by raising dots in the matrix. A table that maps standard letters to braille can be found at http://disserv3.stu.umn.edu/AltForm/brail-guide.html.
Braille was invented by Louis Braille, while he was a student at the Institution Nationale des Jeunes Aveugles (National Institute for Blind Children) in Paris.