Ackley, D. H., & Littman, M. L. (1994). Altruism in the evolution of communication. In Brooks, R. A., & Maes, P. (Eds.), Artificial Life IV, pp. 40--48. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Axelrod, R. (1984). The Evolution of Cooperation. Basic Books, New York.

Axelrod, R., & Hamilton, W. D. (1981). The Evolution of Cooperation. Science, 211, 1390--1396.

Bullock, S. (1997). An exploration of signalling behaviour by both analytic and simulation means for both discrete and continuous models. In Husbands, P., & Harvey, I. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL'97), pp. 454--463. MIT Press / Bradford Books, Cambridge, MA.

Caryl, P. G. (1987). Acquisition of Information in Contests: The Gulf Between Theory and Biology. Paper presented at the ESS Workshop on Animal Conflicts, Sheffield, UK, July.

Dawkins, R. (1976). The Selfish Gene. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Di Paolo, E. A. (1997). An investigation into the evolution of communication. Adaptive Behavior, 6 (2), 285--324.

Grafen, A. (1990). Biological signals as handicaps. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 144, 517--546.

Guilford, T., & Dawkins, M. S. (1991). Receiver psychology and the evolution of animal signals. Animal Behaviour, 42, 1--14.

Hamilton, W. D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behaviour. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1--52.

Hinde, R. A. (1981). Animal signals: Ethological and games-theory approaches are not incompatible. Animal Behaviour, 29, 535--542.

Hurd, P. L. (1995). Communication in discrete action-response games. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 174, 217--222.

Iwasa, Y., Pomiankowski, A., & Nee, S. (1991). The evolution of costly mate preferences II. The ``handicap'' principle. Evolution, 45 (6), 1431--1442.

Johnstone, R. A. (1994). Honest signalling, perceptual error and the evolution of `all-or-nothing' displays. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences, 256, 169--175.

Krebs, J. R., & Dawkins, R. (1984). Animal signals: Mind reading and manipulation. In Krebs, J. R., & Davies, N. B. (Eds.), Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach (Second edition)., pp. 380--402. Blackwell, Oxford.

MacLennan, B. J., & Burghardt, G. M. (1994). Synthetic ethology and the evolution of cooperative communication. Adaptive Behavior, 2 (2), 161--188.

Maynard Smith, J. (1993). The Theory of Evolution (Canto edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Maynard Smith, J., & Harper, D. G. C. (1995). Animal signals: Models and terminology. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 177, 305--311.

Oliphant, M. (1996). The dilemma of Saussurean communication. BioSystems, 37, 31--38.

Ryan, M. J., & Rand, A. S. (1993). Sexual selection and signal evolution: the ghost of biases past. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences, 340, 187--195.

Seyfarth, R., Cheney, D. L., & Marler, P. (1980). Monkey Responses to Three Different Alarm Calls: Evidence of Predator Classification and Semantic Communication. Science, 210, 801--803.

Sherman, P. W. (1977). Nepotism and the Evolution of Alarm Calls. Science, 197, 1246--1253.

Trivers, R. L. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology, 46, 35--57.

Trivers, R. L. (1974). Parent-offspring conflict. American Zoologist, 14, 249--264.

Werner, G. M., & Dyer, M. G. (1991). Evolution of communication in artificial organisms. In Langton, C. G., Taylor, C., Farmer, J. D., & Rasmussen, S. (Eds.), Artificial Life II. Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA.

Wheeler, M., & de Bourcier, P. (1995). How not to murder your neighbor: Using synthetic behavioral ecology to study aggressive signaling. Adaptive Behavior, 3 (3), 273--309.

Williams, G. C. (1966). Adaptation and Natural Selection. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Zahavi, A. (1975). Mate selection---A selection for a handicap. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 53, 205--214.

Zahavi, A. (1987). The Theory of Signal Selection and Some of its Implications. In Delfino, V. P. (Ed.), International Symposium on Biological Evolution, pp. 305--327.