Adams, E. S., & Caldwell, R. L. (1990). Deceptive communication in asymmetric fights of the stomatopod crustacean Gonodactylus bredini. Animal Behaviour, 39, 706-716.

Adams, E. S., & Mesterton-Gibbons, M. (1995). The cost of threat displays and the stability of deceptive communication. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 175, 405-421.

Bullock, S. (1997). Evolutionary Simulation Models: On their Character, and Application to Problems Concerning the Evolution of Natural Signalling Systems. Ph.D. thesis, School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.

Bullock, S. (1998). A continuous evolutionary simulation model of the attainability of honest signalling equilibria. In Adami, C., Belew, R., Kitano, H., & Taylor, C. (Eds.), Artificial Life VI, pp. 339-348. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Bullock, S., & Noble, J. (2000). Evolutionary simulation modelling clarifies interactions between parallel adaptive processes. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21(1), 150-151. Commentary.

Caryl, P. G. (1987). Acquisition of information in contests: The gulf between theory and biology. Paper presented at the ESS Workshop on Animal Conicts, Sheffield, UK, July.

Clutton-Brock, T., Albon, S. D., Gibson, R. M., & Guinness, F. E. (1979). The logical stag: adaptive aspects of fighting in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.). Animal Behaviour, 27, 211-225.

Dabelsteen, T., & Pedersen, S. B. (1990). Song and information about aggressive responses of blackbirds, Turdus merula: Evidence from interactive playback experiments with territory owners. Animal Behaviour, 40, 1158-1168.

Davis, J. W. F., & O'Donald, P. (1976). Sexual selection for a handicap: A critical analysis of Zahavi's model. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 57, 345-354.

Dawkins, R., & Krebs, J. R. (1978). Animal signals: Information or manipulation?. In Krebs, J. R., & Davies, N. B. (Eds.), Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, pp. 282-309. Blackwell, Oxford.

Di Paolo, E. A. (2000). Ecological symmetry breaking can favour the evolution of altruism in an action-response game. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 203, 135-152.

Di Paolo, E. A., Noble, J., & Bullock, S. (2000). Simulation models as opaque thought experiments. In Bedau, M. A., McCaskill, J. S., Packard, N. H., & Rasmussen, S. (Eds.), Artificial Life VII: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Artificial Life, pp. 497-506. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Enquist, M. (1985). Communication during aggressive interactions with particular reference to variation in choice of behaviour. Animal Behaviour, 33, 1152-1161.

Getty, T. (1998a). Handicap signalling: when fecundity and viability do not add up. Animal Behaviour, 56(1), 127-130.

Commentary

Godfray, H. C. J. (1991). Signalling of need by offspring to their parents. Nature, 352, 328-330.

Goodnight, K. F. (1992). The effect of stochastic variation on kin selection in a buddingviscous population. American Naturalist, 140, 1028-1040.

Grafen, A. (1990). Biological signals as handicaps. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 144, 517-546.

Hamilton, W. D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behaviour, I and II. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1-16; 17-32.

Hansen, A. J. (1986). Fighting behaviour in bald eagles: A test of game theory. Ecology, 67, 787-797.

Hurd, P. L. (1995). Communication in discrete action-response games. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 174, 217-222.

Johnstone, R. A. (1997). The evolution of animal signals. In Krebs, J. R., & Davies, N. B. (Eds.), Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach (Fourth edition)., pp. 155-178. Blackwell, Oxford.

Kelly, J. K. (1992). Restricted migrations and the evolution of altruism. Evolution, 46, 1492-1495.

Kelly, J. K. (1994). The effects of scale dependent processes on kin selection: Mating and density regulation. Theoretical Population Biology, 46, 32-57.

Kirkpatrick, M. (1986). The handicap mechanism of sexual selection does not work. American Naturalist, 127, 222-240.

Krakauer, D. C., & Pagel, M. (1995). Spatial structure and the evolution of honest cost-free signalling. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 260, 365-372.

Krebs, J. R., & Dawkins, R. (1984). Animal signals: Mind reading and manipulation. In Krebs, J. R., & Davies, N. B. (Eds.), Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach (2nd edition)., pp. 380-402. Blackwell, Oxford.

Laland, K. N., Odling-Smee, J., & Feldman, M. W. (2000). Niche construction, biological evolution and cultural change. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21, 131-146.

Lewontin, R. C. (1983). Gene, organism, and environment. In Bentall, D. (Ed.), Evolution from molecules to men. Cambridge University Press.

Maynard Smith, J. (1976). Sexual selection and the handicap principle. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 57, 239-242.

a comment

Maynard Smith, J. (1982). Evolution and the Theory of Games. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Maynard Smith, J. (1985). Mini review: Sexual selection, handicaps and true fitness. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 115, 1-8.

Maynard Smith, J. (1991). Honest signalling: The Philip Sidney game. Animal Behaviour, 42, 1034-1035.

Miller, G. F. (2000). The Mating Game: How sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature. William Heinemann, London.

Nakamaru, M., Matsuda, H., & Iwasa, Y. (1997). The evolution of cooperation in a lattice-structured population. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 184, 65-81.

Noble, J. (2000a). Cooperation, competition and the evolution of prelinguistic communication. In Knight, C., Studdert-Kennedy, M., & Hurford, J. (Eds.), The Emergence of Language, pp. 40-61. Cambridge University Press.

Noble, J. (2000b). Talk is cheap: Evolved strategies for communication and action in asymmetrical animal contests. In Meyer, J.-A., Berthoz, A., Floreano, D., Roitblat, H., & Wilson, S. W. (Eds.), From Animals to Animats 6: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pp. 481-490. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Queller, D. C. (1994). Genetic relatedness in viscous populations. Evolutionary Ecology, 8, 70-73.

Queller, D. C., & Goodnight, K. F. (1989). Estimation of genetic relatedness using genetic markers. Evolution, 43, 258-275.

Riechert, S. E. (1982). Spider interaction strategies: Communication vs. coercion. In Witt, P. N., & Rovner, J. (Eds.), Spider Communication: Mechanisms and Ecological Significance, pp. 281-315. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Taylor, P. D. (1992a). Altruism in viscous populations an inclusive fitness approach. Evolutionary Ecology, 6, 352-356.

Taylor, P. D. (1992b). Inclusive fitness in a homogeneous environment. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 249, 299-302.

Trivers, R. L. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology, 46, 35-57.

van Baalen, M., & Rand, D. A. (1998). The unit of selection in viscous populations and the evolution of altruism. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 193, 631-648.

Veblen, T. (1899). The theory of the leisure class. In Lerner, M. (Ed.), The Portable Veblen, pp. 53-214. Viking Press, New York. Collection published 1948.

Wiley, R. H. (1983). The evolution of communication: Information and manipulation. In Halliday, T. R., & Slater, P. J. B. (Eds.), Communication, Vol. 2 of Animal Behaviour, pp. 156-189. Blackwell, Oxford.

Wilson, D., Pollock, G. B., & Dugatkin, L. (1992). Can altruism evolve in purely viscous populations?. Evolutionary Ecology, 6, 331-341.

Yachi, S. (1995). How can honest signalling evolve? The role of handicap principle. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 262, 283-288.

Zahavi, A. (1977). The cost of honesty (further remarks on the handicap principle). Journal of Theoretical Biology, 67, 603-605.

A selection for a handicap