Bickerton, D. (1981). Roots of Language. Ann Arbor: Karoma Press.

Bickerton, D. (1990). Language and Species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Cavalli-Sforza, L. and M. Feldman. (1973) Cultural versus biological inheritance: Phenotypic transmission from parent to children. American Journal of Human Genetics, 25 , pages 618--637.

Cavalli-Sforza, L. and M. Feldman. (1981) Cultural Transmission and Evolution: a Quantitative Approach, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

Chomsky, N. (1981). Lectures on Government and Binding. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Foris Publications.

R. Clark and I. Roberts. (1993) A computational model of language learnability and language change. Linguistic Inquiry, 24(2):299--345.

E. Gibson and K. Wexler. (1994) Triggers. Linguistic Inquiry, 25(4), 407-454.

Hare, M., and J.Elman (1995).Learning and morphological change. Cognition, 56, pages 61--98.

Anthony S. Kroch. (1990) Reflexes of grammar in patterns of language change. Language Variation and Change, pages 199--243.

Lewontin, Richard. (1978) Adaptation and Evolutionary Theory. From Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 9:3, 181--206.

D. Lightfoot. (1991) How to Set Parameters. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

P. Niyogi. (1994) The Informational Complexity of Learning From Examples. Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.

P. Niyogi and R. C. Berwick. (1994) A Markov Model for Finite Parameter Spaces. Proc. of the 32nd ACL Conference, Las Cruces, New Mexico.

P. Niyogi and R. C. Berwick. (1996) Populations of learners: the case of Portuguese language change. Paper presented at the Brazilian workshop on language change, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Sebastio, Brazil, August 1996. Generations Percentage of L-1 0 20 40 60 80 100 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0