Arita, T. and Y. Koyama (1998). Evolution of Linguistic Diversity in a Simple Communication System. Published in the Proceedings of Artificial Life IV, UCLA, C. Adami, R.K. Belew, H. Kitano, C.E. Taylor (eds.), MIT Press.

Arita, T. and C. E. Taylor (1996). A simple model for the evolution of communication. Evolutionary Programming V, L. J. Fogel, P. J. Angeline, T. Bäck (eds.), MIT Press.

Axelrod, R. (1997). ``The dissemination of culture: A model with local convergence and global polarization.'' Journal of Conflict Resolution 41 (1997): 203-226.

de Boer, B. (1997). Generating Vowel Systems in a Population of Agents. Presented at the Fourth European Conference on Artificial Life, ECAL 97, Brighton, UK.

de Boer, B. and P. Vogt (1999). Emergence of Speech Sounds in a Changing Population. Published in the Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Artificial Life, ECAL 99, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Volume 1674, D. Floreano, J.-D. Nicoud, F. Mondada, (eds.) Springer.

de Boer, B. (2000). Emergence of sound systems through self-organization. The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social Function and the Origins of Linguistic Form. C. Knight, M. Studdert-Kennedy and J. R. Hurford, Cambridge University Press: 177-198.

Briscoe, E. J. (2000). Macro and Micro Models of Linguistic Diversity. Presented at The 3rd International Conference on the Evolution of Language, Paris, April 3 rd -6 th .

Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. and M. W. Feldman (1978). ``Towards a Theory of Cultural Evolution.'' Interdisciplinary Review 3: 99-107.

Chambers, J. K. and P. Trudgill (1980). Dialectology , Cambridge University Press.

Chambers, J. K. (1995). Sociolinguistic Theory , Blackwell.

Crystal, D. (1987). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language , Cambridge University Press.

Dunbar, R. I. M. (1993). ``Co-evolution of neocortex size, group size and language in humans.'' Brain and Behavioural Sciences 16: 681-735.

Fyfe, C. and D. Livingstone (1997). "Developing a Community Language", presented at the 4th European Conference on Artificial Life, ECAL 97, Brighton, UK.

Grimm, J. (1822). Deutsche Grammatik, Part I: Zweite Ausgabe. Göttingen, Dieterich.

Haugen, E. (1971). The Ecology of Language. In Ecology of Language, Essays by Einar Haugen. A. S. Dil (ed). Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press: 325-339.

Hutchins, E. and B. Hazelhurst (1995). How to invent a lexicon: the development of shared symbols in interaction. Published in Artificial Societies: The computer simulation of social life. N. Gilbert and R. Conte (eds.), UCL Press.

Kirby, S. (1998). Fitness and the selective adaptation of language. Approaches to the Evolution of Language. J. R. Hurford, M. Studdert-Kennedy and C. Knight, Cambridge University Press: 359-383.

Labov, W. (1972). Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press.

Lass, R. (1997). Historical Linguistics and Language Change . Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press.

Latané, B. (1981). ``The psychology of social impact.'' American Psychologist 36: 343-365.

Livingstone, D. and C. Fyfe (1998). A Computational Model of Language-Physiology Coevolution. Presented at The 2nd International Conference on the Evolution of Language, London.

Livingstone, D. and C. Fyfe (1999a). Modeling the Evolution of Linguistic Diversity. Published in the Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Artificial Life, ECAL 99, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Volume 1674, D. Floreano, J.-D. Nicoud, F. Mondada, (eds.) Springer.

Livingstone, D. and C. Fyfe (1999b). Dialect in Learned Communication. Presented at the AISB '99 Symposium on Imitation in Animals and Artifacts, K. Dautenhahn and C. Nehaniv (eds.), Edinburgh, The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour.

Livingstone, D. and C. Fyfe (2000). Modeling Language-Physiology Coevolution. In The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social Function and the Origins of Linguistic Form. C. Knight, M. Studdert-Kennedy and J. R. Hurford, Cambridge University Press: 199-215.

Milroy, J. (1993). On the social origins of language change. In Historical Linguistics: Problems and Perspectives . C. Jones (ed.), London, New York, Longman.

Milroy, L. (1980). Language and social networks. Oxford, Basil Blackwell.

Mufwene, S. S. (1997). What research on creole genesis can contribute to historical linguistics. In Historical Linguiustics 1997. M. S. Schmid, J. R. Austin and D. Stein (eds.). Amsterdam, John Benjamins.

Mülhäusler, P. (1996). Linguistic ecology: Language change and linguistic imperialism in the pacific region. London, Routledge.

Nettle, D. (1999a). Linguistic Diversity, Oxford University Press.

Nettle, D. (1999b). ``Using social impact theory to simulate language change.'' Lingua 108: 95-117.

Nettle, D. and R. I. M. Dunbar (1997). ``Social Markers and the Evolution of Reciprocal Exchange.'' Current Anthropology 38(1): 93-99.

Niyogi, P. and R. C. Berwick (1995). A Dynamical Systems Model for Language Change, A.I. Memo No. 1515 (C.B.C.L. Paper No. 114), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, March 1995.

Maeda, Y., T. Sasaki, et al. (1997). Self-Reorganizing of Language triggered by "Language Contact". ECAL 97, Brighton, UK.

Oliphant, M. (1997). Formal Approaches to Innate and Learned Communication: Laying the Foundation for Language, University of California, San Diego.

Pagel, M. (2000). The history, rate and pattern of world linguistic evolution. In The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social Function and the Origins of Linguistic Form. C. Knight, M. Studdert-Kennedy and J. R. Hurford, Cambridge University Press: 391-416.

Steels, L. (1996). Emergent adaptive lexicons. Published in From Animals to Animats 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behaviour, P. Maes, M. Mataric, J.-A. Meyer, J. Pollack and S.W. Wilson (eds.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Steels, L. and F. Kaplan (1998). Stochasticity as a Source of Innovation in Language Games . Published in the Proceedings of Artificial Life IV, UCLA, C. Adami, R.K. Belew, H. Kitano, C.E. Taylor (eds.), MIT Press.

Stoness, S. C. and C. Dircks (1999). Investigating Language Change: A Multi-Agent Neural-Network Based Simulation. Published in the Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Artificial Life, ECAL 99, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Volume 1674, D. Floreano, J.-D. Nicoud, F. Mondada, (eds.) Springer.

Sweet, H. (1888). The History of English Sounds. Oxford, Clarendon Press.

Trudgill, P. and J. Cheshire, Eds. (1998). The Sociolinguistics Reader, Volume 1: Multilingualism and Variation. London, Arnold

Werner, G. M. and M. G. Dyer (1991). Evolution of Communication in Artificial Organisms. In Artificial Life II. C. G. Langton, C. Taylor, J. D. Farmer and S. Rasmussen (eds.), Addison-Wesley.