HOME   ::   Back to the Paper   ::   References

Lieberman, P. (2002) On the nature and evolution of the neural bases of human language. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 119(S35):36--62.

References (may not be complete)  [Original format]  [Sort by year]  [Sort by author]  [Sort by citations]

Albert MA, Feldman RG, Willis AL. 1974. The "subcortical dementia" of progressive supranuclear palsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 37:121-130.

Google

Aldridge JW, Berridge KC, Herman M, Zimmer L. 1993. Neuronal coding of serial order: syntax of grooming in the neostratum. Psychol Sci 4:391-393.

Google

Alexander GE, Crutcher MD. 1990. Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substitutes of parallel processing. TINS 13:266-271.

Google

Alexander GE, Delong MR, Strick PL. 1986. Parallel organization of segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci 9:357-381.

Google

Alexander GE, Delong MR, Crutcher MD. 1992. Do cortical and basal ganglionic motor areas use "motor programs" to control movement? Behav Brain Sci 15:656-665.

Google

Alexander MP, Naeser MA, Palumbo CL. 1987. Correlations of subcortical CT lesion sites and aphasia profiles. Brain 110:961- 991.

Google

Awh E, Jonides J, Smith RE, Schumacher EH, Koeppe RA, Katz S. 1996. Dissociation of storage and rehearsal in working memory: evidence from positron emission tomography. Psychol Sci: 7:25-31.

Google

Baddeley AD. 1986. Working memory. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Google

Bates E, Goodman JC. 1997. On the inseparability of grammar and the lexicon: evidence from acquisition, aphasia, and realtime processing. Lang Cogn Proc 12:507-586.

Google

Bates E, Thal D, Janowsky J. 1992. Early language development and its neural correlates. In: Rapin I, Segalowitz S, editors. Handbook of neuropsychology, volume 7: child neuropsychology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Google

Bauer RH. 1993. Lateralization of neural control for vocalization by the frog (Rana pipiens). Psychobiology 21:243-248.

Google

Baum SR. 1989. On-line sensitivity to local and long-distance syntactic dependencies in Broca's aphasia. Brain Lang 37:327- 328.

Google

Baum SR, Blumstein SE, Naeser MA, Palumbo CL. 1990. Temporal dimensions of consonant and vowel production: an acoustic and CT scan analysis of aphasic speech. Brain Lang 39:33- 56.

Google

Benson DF, Geschwind N. 1985. Aphasia and related disorders: a clinical approach. In: Mesulam MM, editor. Principles of behavioral neurology. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. p 193-228.

Google

Bickerton D. 1990. Language and species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Google UIUC

Blumstein SE. 1995. The neurobiology of language. In: Miller J, Elmas PD, editors. Speech, language and communication. San Diego: Academic Press. p 339-370.

Google

Blumstein SE, Cooper WE, Goodglass H, Statlender S, Gottlieb J. 1980. Production deficits in aphasia: a voice-onset time analysis. Brain Lang 9:153-170.

Google

Boe L-J, Maeda S, Heim J-L. 1999. Neanderthal man was not morphologically handicapped for speech. Evol Commun 3:49- 77.

Google

Bosma JF. 1975. Anatomic and physiologic development of the speech apparatus. In: Towers DB, editor. Human communication and its disorders. New York: Raven. p 469-481.

Google

Bradshaw JL, Nettleton NC. 1981. The nature of hemispheric lateralization in man. Behav Brain Sci 4:51-92.

Google

Brainard MS, Doupe AJ. 2000. Interruption of a basal gangliaforebrain circuit prevents the plasticity of learned vocalizations. Nature 404:762-766.

Google

Brierley JB. 1976. Cerebral hypoxia. In: Blackwood W, Corsellis JAN, editors. Greenfield's neuropathology. Chicago: Yearbook Medical Publications. p 43-85.

Google

Broca P. 1861. Remarques sur le sie`ge de la faculte´ de la parole articule´e, suivies d'une observation d'aphemie (perte de parole). Bull Soc Anat (Paris) 36:330-357.

Google

Brodmann K. 1912. Ergebnisse u¨ber die vergleichende histologische Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Stirnhirns. Anat Anz [Suppl] 41:157-216.

Google

Burling R. 1993. Primate calls, human language, and nonverbal communication. Curr Anthropol 34:25-54.

Google

Calvin WH, Bickerton D. 2000. Lingua ex machina: reconciling Darwin and Chomsky with the human brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Google UIUC

Cantalupo C, Hopkins WD. 2001. Asymmetric Broca's area in great apes. Nature 414:505.

Google

Carre R, Lindblom B, MacNeilage P. 1995. Acoustic factors in the evolution of the human vocal tract. C R Acad Sci Paris [IIb] 320:471-476.

Google

Chiba T, Kajiyama J. 1941. The vowel: its nature and structure. Tokyo: Tokyo-Kaisekan Publishing Co.

Google

Chomsky N. 1966. Cartesian linguistics. New York: Harper and Row.

Google

Chomsky N. 1972. Language and mind. Extended edition. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World.

Google

Chomsky N. 1976. On the nature of language. In: Steklis HB, Harnad SR, Lancaster J, editors. Origins and evolution of language and speech. New York: New York Academy of Sciences. p 46-57.

Google UIUC

Chomsky N. 1986. Knowledge of language: its nature, origin and use. New York: Prager.

Google

Cools R, Barker RA, Sahakian GJ, Robbins TW. 2001. Mechanisms of cognitive set flexibility in Parkinson's disease. Brain 124:2503-2512.

Google

Croft W. 1991. Syntactic categories and grammatical relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Google

Cummings JL. 1993. Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior. Arch Neurol 50:873-880.

Google

Cummings JL, Benson DF. 1984. Subcortical dementia: review of an emerging concept. Arch Neurol 41:874-879.

Google

Cunnington R, Iansek R, Bradshaw JL, Phillips JG. 1995. Movement-related potentials in Parkinson's disease: presence and predictability of temporal and spatial cues. Brain 118:935-950.

Google

Damasio H. 1991. Neuroanatomical correlates of the aphasia. In: Sarno MT, editor. Acquired aphasia. 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press.

Google

Damasio H, Grabowski TJ, Tranel D, Hichwa RD, Damasio AR. 1996. A neural basis for lexical retrieval. Nature 380:409-505.

Google

Darwin C. 1859. On the origin of species: facsimile edition, 1964. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Google

Deacon TW. 1997. The symbolic species: the co-evolution of language and the brain. New York: W.W. Norton.

Google UIUC

DeLong MR. 1993. Overview of basal ganglia function. In: Mano N, Hamada I, deLong MR, editors. Role of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in voluntary movement. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Google

Denneberg VH. 1981. Hemispheric laterality in animals and the effects of early experience. Behav Brain Sci 4:1-50.

Google

D'Esposito M, Alexander MP. 1995. Subcortical aphasia: distinct profiles following left putaminal hemorrhage. Neuorology 45: 38-41.

Google

D'Esposito M, Detre JA, Alsop DC, Shin RK, Atlas S, Grossman M. 1995. The neural basis of the central executive system of working memory. Nature 378:279-281.

Google

Dewey D, Roy EA, Square-Storer PA, Hayden DC. 1988. Limb and oral praxic abilities of children with verbal sequencing deficits. Dev Med Child Neurol 30:743-751.

Google

Dronkers NF, Shapiro JK, Redfern B, Knight RT. 1992. The role of Broca's area in Broca's aphasia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 14:198.

Google

Dunbar RIM. 1993. Coevolution of neocortical size and language in humans. Behav Brain Sci 16:681-735.

Google UIUC

Edelman GM. 1987. Neural Darwinism. New York: Basic Books.

Google

Elman J, Bates E, Johnson M, Karmiloff-Smith A, Parisi D, Plunkett K. 1997. Rethinking innateness: a connectionist perspective on development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.

Google

Fant G. 1960. Acoustic theory of speech production. The Hague: Mouton.

Google

Fischer J, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM. 2000. Development of infant baboons' responses to graded bark variants. Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 267:2317-2321.

Google

Fischer J, Hammerschmidt K, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM. 2002. Acoustic features of male baboon loud calls: influences of context, age and individuality. J Acoust Soc Am 111:1485-1474.

Google

Fitch WT III. 1994. Vocal tract length and the evolution of language. Ph.D. dissertation, Brown University.

Google

Fitch WT III. 1997. Vocal tract length and formant frequency dispersion correlate with body size in macaque monkeys. J Acoust Soc Am 102:1213-1222.

Google

Fitch WT, Giedd J. 1999. Morphology and development of the human vocal tract: a study using magnetic resonance imaging. J Acoust Soc Am 106:1511-1522.

Google

Flowers KA, Robertson C. 1985. The effects of Parkinson's disease on the ability to maintain a mental set. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 48:517-529.

Google

Fodor J. 1983. Modularity of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Google

Gall FJ. 1809. Recherches sur le syste`me nerveux. Paris: B. Bailliere.

Google

Gannon PJ, Holloway RL, Broadfield DC, Braun AR. 1998. Asymmetry of chimpanzee planum temporale: humanlike pattern of Wernicke's brain language area homolog. Science 279:220-222.

Google

Gardner RA, Gardner BT. 1969. Teaching sign language to a chimpanzee. Science 165:664-672.

Google

Gardner RA, Gardner BT. 1984. A vocabulary test for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). J Comp Psychol 4:381-404.

Google

Gardner BT, Gardner RA. 1994. Developmant of phrases in the utterances of children and cross-fostered chimpanzees. In: Gardner RA, Gardner BT, Chiarelli B, Plooj R, editors. The ethological roots of culture. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p 223-255.

Google

Gathercole SE, Baddeley AD. 1993. Working memory and language. Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Google

Geschwind N. 1970. The organization of language and the brain. Science 170:940-944.

Google

Goodall J. 1986. The chimpanzees of Gombe: patterns of behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard, University Press.

Google

Gopnik M. 1990. Feature-blind grammar and dysphasia in an extended family. Nature 344:715.

Google

Gopnik M, Crago M. 1991. Familial segregation of a developmental language disorder. Cognition 39:1-50.

Google

Gotham AM, Brown RG, Marsden CD. 1988. "Frontal" cognitive function in patients with Parkinsons's disease "on" and "off" levadopa. Brain 111:199-321.

Google

Gottlieb G. 1975. Development of species identification in ducklings: I. Nature of perceptual deficits caused by embryonic auditory deprivation. J Comp Physiol Psychol 89:387-389.

Google

Grafman J. 1989. Plans, actions and mental sets: the role of the frontal lobes. In: Perecman E, editor. Integrating theory and practice in clinical neuropsychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Google

Graybiel AM. 1995. Building action repertoires: memory and learning functions of the basal ganglia. Curr Opin Neurobiol 5:733-741.

Google

Graybiel AM. 1997. The basal ganglia and cognitive pattern generators. Schizophr Bull 23:459-469.

Google

Graybiel A. 1998. The basal ganglia and chunking of action repertoires. Neurobiol Mem Learn 70:119-136.

Google

Graybiel AM, Aosaki T, Flaherty AW, Kimura M. 1994. The basal ganglia and adaptive motor control. Science 265:1826-1831.

Google

Greenberg BD, Murphy DL, Rasmussen SA. 2000. Neuroanatomically based approaches to obsessive-compulsive disorder: neurosurgery and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Psychiatr Clin North Am 23:671-685.

Google

Greenberg J. 1963. Universals of language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Google

Greenfield PM. 1991. Language, tools and brain: the ontogeny and phylogeny of hierarchically organized sequential behavior. Behav Brain Sci 14:531-577.

Google UIUC

Grossman MG, Carvell S, Gollomp S, Stern MB, Vernon G, Hurtig HI. 1991. Sentence comprehension and praxis deficits in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 41:1620-1628.

Google

Grossman MG, Carvell S, Gollomp S, Stern MB, Reivich M, Morrison D, Alavi A, Hurtig HI. 1993. Cognitive and physiological substrates of impaired sentence processing in Parkinson's disease. J Cogn Neurosci 5:480-498.

Google

Grossman MG, Glosser J, Kalmanson J, Morris MB, Stren, Hurtig HI. 2001. Dopamine supports sentence comprehension in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 184:123-130.

Google

Harrington DL, Haaland L. 1991. Sequencing in Parkinson's disease: abnormalities in programming and controlling movement. Brain 114:99-115.

Google

Hata Y, Stryker MP. 1994. Control of thalamocortical afferent rearrangement by postsynaptic activity in developing visual cortex. Science 263:1732-1735.

Google

Hauser MD. 1996. The evolution of communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Google UIUC

Hellwag C. 1781. De formatione loquelae. Dissertation, Tu¨bingen.

Google

Hewes GW. 1973. Primate communication and the gestural origin of language. Curr Anthropol 14:5-24.

Google

Hillenbrand JL, Getty A, Clark MJ, Wheeler K. 1995. Acoustic characteristics of American English vowels. J Acoust Soc Am 97:3099-3111.

Google

Hochstadt J, Lieberman P. 2000. Eye tracking of sentence picture matching: comparisons between normal and Parkinsonian subjects. CUNY 2000 conference. San Diego, CA.

Google

Hoehn MM, Yahr MD. 1967. Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology 17:427-442.

Google

Holloway RL. 1995. Evidence for POT expansion in early Homo: a pretty theory with ugly (or no) paleoneurological facts. Behav Brain Sci 18:191-193.

Google

Howard LA, Binks MG, Moore AP, Playfer JR. 2001. The contribution of apraxic speech to working memory deficits in Parkinson's disease. Brain Lang 74:269-288.

Google

Illes J, Metter EJ, Hanson WR, Iritani S. 1988. Language production in Parkinson's disease: acoustic and linguistic considerations. Brain Lang 33:146-160.

Google

Ivry RB, Keele SW. 1989. Timing functions of the cerebellum. J Cogn Neurosci 1:134-150.

Google

Jackendoff R. 1994. Patterns in the mind: language and human nature. New York: Basic Books.

Google

Jackson JH. 1915. On affectations of speech from diseases of the brain. Brain 38:106-174.

Google

Jakobson R. 1990. On language. In: Waugh LR, Monville-Burston M, editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Google

Jellinger K. 1990. New developments in the pathology of Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol 53:1-15.

Google

Jerison HJ. 1973. Evolution of the brain and intelligence. New York: Academic Press.

Google

Just MA, Carpenter PA, Keller TA, Eddy WF, Thulborn B. 1996. Brain activation modulated by sentence comprehension. Science 274:114-116.

Google

Kent R, Rosenbeck J. 1983. Acoustic patterns of apraxia of speech. J Speech Hear Res 26:231-248.

Google

Kimura D. 1993. Neuromotor mechanisms in human communication. New York: Oxford University Press.

Google

Kimura D, Watson N. 1989. The relation between oral movement control and speech. Brain Lang 37:565-590.

Google

Kimura M, Aosaki T, Graybiel A. 1993. Role of basal ganglia in the acquisition and initiation of learned movement. In: Nano N, Hamada I, DeLong MR, editors. Role of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in voluntary movements. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p 83-87.

Google

Klein D, Zatorre RJ, Milner B, Meyer E, Evans AC. 1994. Left putaminal activation when speaking a second language: evidence from PET. Neuroreport 5:2295-2297.

Google

Klein D, Milner B, Zatorre RJ, Meyer E, Evans AC. 1995. The neural substrates underlying word generation: a bilingual functional imaging study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:2899- 2903.

Google

Klein RG. 1999. The human career, 2nd ed. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Google

Kosslyn SM, Pascual-Leone A, Felician O, Camposano S, Keenan JP, Thompson WL, Ganis G, Sukel KE, Alpert NM. 1999. The role of area 17 in visual imagery: convergent evidence from PET and rTMS. Science 284:167-170.

Google

Ladefoged P, Broadbent DE. 1957. Information conveyed by vowels. J Acoust Soc Am 29:98-104.

Google

Lal SJ, Fisher SE, Hurst JA, Vargha-Khadem F, Monaco AP. 2001. A forkhead-domain dene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder. Nature 413:519-523.

Google

Lange KW, Robbins TW, Marsden CD, James M, Owen AM, Paul GM. 1992. L-dopa withdrawal in Parkinson's disease selectively impairs cognitive performance in tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 107:394- 404.

Google

Laplane D, Baulac M, Widlocher D. 1984. Pure psychic akinesia with bilateral lesions of basal ganglia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 47:377-385.

Google

Laplane D, Levasseur M, Pillon B, Bubois R, Baulac M, Tran Dinh S, Sette G, Danze F, Baron JC. 1989. Obsessive-compulsive and other behavioral changes with bilateral basal ganglia lesions. Brain 112:699-725.

Google

Lashley KS. 1951. The problem of serial order in behavior. In: Jefress LA, editor. Cerebral mechanisms in behavior. New York: Wiley. p 112-146.

Google

Leiner HC, Leiner AL, Dow RS. 1991. The human cerebro-cerebellar system: its computing, cognitive and language skills. Behav Brain Res 44:113-128.

Google

Lenneberg EH. 1967. Biological foundations of language. New York: Wiley.

Google

Liberman AM, Cooper FS, Shankweiler DP, Studdert-Kennedy M. 1967. Perception of the speech code. Psychol Rev 74:431- 461.

Google

Lichtheim L. 1885. On aphasia. Brain 7:433-484.

Google

Lieberman DE. 1998. Sphenoid shortening and the evolution of modern human cranial shape. Nature 393:158-162.

Google

Lieberman DE, McCarthy RC. 1999. The ontogeny of cranial base angulation in humans and chimpanzees and its implications for reconstructing pharyngeal dimensions. J Hum Evol 36:487- 517.

Google

Lieberman DE, McCarthy RC, Hieemae KM, Palmer JB. 2001. Ontogeny of postnatal hyoid and larynx descent in humans. Arch Oral Biol 46:117-128.

Google

Lieberman P. 1968. Primate vocalizations and human linguistic ability. J Acoust Soc Am 44:1157-1164.

Google

Lieberman P. 1975. On the origins of language: an introduction to the evolution of speech. New York: Macmillan.

Google UIUC

Lieberman P. 1984. The biology and evolution of language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Google UIUC

Lieberman P. 1985. On the evolution of human syntactic ability: its pre-adaptive bases--motor control and speech. J Hum Evol 14:657-668.

Google

Lieberman P. 1998. Eve spoke: human language and human evolution. New York: W.W. Norton; London: Picador, Macmillan.

Google UIUC

Lieberman P. 2000. Human language and our reptilian brain: the subcortical bases of speech, syntax, and thought. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Google UIUC

Lieberman P, Crelin ES. 1971. On the speech of Neanderthal man. Linguist Inquiry 2:203-222.

Google UIUC

Lieberman P, Klatt DH, Wilson WH. 1969. Vocal tract limitations on the vowel repertoires of rhesus monkey and other nonhuman primates. Science 164:1185-1187.

Google

Lieberman P, Crelin ES, Klatt DH. 1972. Phonetic ability and related anatomy of the newborn, adult human, Neanderthal man, and the chimpanzee. Am Anthropol 74:287-307.

Google

Lieberman P, Friedman J, Feldman LS. 1990. Syntactic deficits in Parkinson's disease. J Nerv Ment Dis 178:360-365.

Google

Lieberman P, Kako ET, Friedman J, Tajchman G, Feldman LS, Jiminez EB. 1992. Speech production, syntax comprehension, and cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease. Brain Lang 43: 169-189.

Google UIUC

Lieberman P, Kanki BG, Protopapas A, Reed E, Youngs JW. 1994. Cognitive defects at altitude. Nature 372:325.

Google UIUC

Lieberman P, Kanki BG, Protopapas A. 1995. Speech production and cognitive decrements on Mount Everest. Aviat Space Environ Med 66:857-864.

Google

Linebarger M, Schwartz M, Saffran E. 1983. Sensitivity to grammatical structure in so-called agrammatic aphasics. Cognition 13:361-392.

Google

Lisker L, Abramson AS. 1964. A cross language study of voicing in initial stops: acoustical measurements. Word 20:384-442.

Google

Logothetis NK, Pauls J, Augath M, Trinath T, Oeltermann A. 2001. Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal. Nature 412:150-157.

Google

MacDonald MC. 1994. Probabilistic constraints and syntactic ambiguity resolution. Lang Cogn Proc 9:157-201.

Google

MacNeilage PF. 1991. The "postural origins" theory of primate neurobiolgical asymmetries. In: Krasnegor N, Rumbaugh D, Studdert-Kennedy M, Schiefelbusch R, editors. Biological foundations of language development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p 165-188.

Google

MacNeill D. 1985. So you think gestures are nonverbal? Psychol Rev 92:350-371.

Google

Maddieson I. 1984. Patterns of sounds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Google

Marie P. 1926. Travaux et me´moires. Paris: Masson.

Google

Marin O, Smeets WJAJ, Gonzalez A. 1998. Evolution of the basal ganglia in tetrapods: a new perspective based on recent studies in amphibians. TNN 21:487-494.

Google

Marsden CD, Obeso JA. 1994. The functions of the basal ganglia and the paradox of sterotaxic surgery in Parkinson's disease. Brain 117:877-897.

Google

Martin A, Haxby JV, Lalonde FM, Wiggs CL, Ungerleider LG. 1995a. Discrete cortical regions associated with knowledge of color and knowledge of action. Science 270:102-105.

Google

Martin A, Wiggs CL, Ungerleider LG, Haxby JV. 1995b. Neural correlates of category-specific knowledge. Nature 379:649-652.

Google

McBrearty S, Brooks AS. 2000. The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior. J Hum Evol 39:453-563.

Google

Mega MS, Alexander MF. 1994. Subcortical aphasia: the core profile of capsulostriatal infarction. Neurology 44:1824-1829.

Google

Mesulam MM. 1990. Large-scale neurocognitive networks and distributed processing for attention, language, and memory. Ann Neurol 28:597-613.

Google

Metter EJ, Kempler D, Jackson CA, Hanson WR, Reige WH, Camras JM, Mazziotta JC, Phelps ME. 1987. Cerebular glucose metabolism in chronic aphasia. Neurology 37:1599-1606.

Google

Middleton FA, Strick PL. 1994. Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognition. Science 266:458-461.

Google

Mirenowicz J, Schultz W. 1996. Preferential activation of midbrain dopamine neurons by appetitive rather than aversive stimuli. Nature 379:449-451.

Google

Mitchell SJ, Richardson RT, Baker F, Delong MR. 1987. The primate globus pallidus: neuronal activity related to direction of movement. Exp Brain Res 68:491-505.

Google

Monchi O, Petrides P, Petre V, Worsley K, Dagher A. 2001. Wisconsin Card Sorting revisited: distinct neural circuits participating in different stages of the task identified by eventrelated functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci 21: 7733-7741.

Google

Morris RG, Downes JJ, Sahakian BJ, Evenden JL, Heald A, Robbins TW. 1988. Planning and spatial working memory in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 51:757- 766.

Google

Muller J. 1848. The physiology of the senses, voice and muscular motion with the mental faculties. Baly W, translator. London: Walton and Maberly.

Google

Naeser MA, Alexander MP, Helms-Estabrooks N, Levine HL, Laughlin SA, Geschwind N. 1982. Aphasia with predomininantly subcortical lesion sites; description of three capsular/ putaminal aphasia syndromes. Arch Neurol 39:2-14.

Google

Natsopoulos D, Grouios G, Bostantzopoulou S, Mentenopoulos G, Katsarou Z, Logothetis J. 1993. Algorithmic and heuristic strategies in comprehension of complement clauses by patients with Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 31:951-964.

Google

Nearey T. 1979. Phonetic features for vowels. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.

Google

Negus VE. 1949. The comparative anatomy and physiology of the larynx. New York: Hafner.

Google

Nelson TO, Dunlosky J, White DM, Steinberg J, Townes BD, Anderson D. 1990. Cognition and metacognition at extreme altitudes on Mount Everest. J Exp Psychol [Gen] 119:367-374.

Google

Newman JD, Maclean PD. 1982. Effects of tegmental lesions on the isolation call of squirrel monkeys. Brain Res 232:317-329.

Google

Nisimura H, Hashikawa K, Doi K, Iwaki T, Watanabe Y, Kusuoka H, Nishimura T, Kubo T. 1999. Sign language "heard" in the auditory cortex. Nature 397:116.

Google

Nowak MA, Plotkin JB, Jansen VAA. 2000. The evolution of syntactic communication. Science 404:495-498.

Google UIUC

Nudo RJ, Milliken GW, Jenkins WM, Merzenich MM. 1996. Usedependent alterations of movement representations in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys. J Neurosci 16:785-807.

Google

Olmsted DL. 1971. Out of the mouth of babes. The Hague: Mouton.

Google

Pantev C, Oostenveld A, Engelien A, Ross B, Roberts LE, Hoke M. 1998. Increased cortical representation in musicians. Nature 392:811-813.

Google

Parent A. 1986. Comparative neurobiology of the basal ganglia. New York: John Wiley.

Google

Paulesu E, Firth C, Frackowiak R. 1993. The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory. Nature 362:342- 345.

Google

Paus T, Perry DW, Zatorre RA, Worsley KJ, Evans AC. 1996. Modulation of cerebral blood flow in the human auditory cortex during speech: role of motor-to-sensory discharges. Eur J Neurosci 8:2236-2246.

Google

Perkell JS. 1969. Physiology of speech production: results and implications of a quantitative cineradiographic study. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Google

Peterson GE, Barney HL. 1952. Control methods used in a study of the vowels. J Acoust Soc Am 24:175-184.

Google

Peterson SE, Fox PT, Posner MI, Mintun M, Raichle ME. 1988. Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing. Nature 331:585-589.

Google

Pickett ER. 1998. Language and the cerebellum. Ph.D. dissertation; Brown University.

Google

Pickett ER, Kuniholm E, Protopapas A, Friedman J, Lieberman P. 1998. Selective speech motor, syntax and cognitive deficits associated with bilateral damage to the head of the caudate nucleus and the putamen. A single case study. Neuropsychologia 36:173-188.

Google

Pinker S. 1994. The language instinct; how the mind creates language. New York: William Morrow.

Google UIUC

Pinker S. 1998. How the mind works. New York: W.W. Norton.

Google

Polit A, Bizzi E. 1978. Processes controling arm movements in monkeys. Science 201:1235-1237.

Google

Rauschecker JP, Korte M. 1993. Auditory compensation for early blindness in cat cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 18:4538-4548.

Google

Regard M, Oelz O, Brugger P, Landis T. 1989. Persisitent cognitive impairment in climbers after repeated exposure to altitude. Neurology 39:210-213.

Google

Rizzolatti G, Arbib MA. 1998. Language within our grasp. Trends Neurosci 21:188-194.

Google UIUC

Ryalls J. 1986. An acoustic study of vowel production in aphasia. Brain Lang 29:48-67.

Google

Sadato NA, Pasual-Leone J, Grafman V, Ibanez M-P, Delber G, Dold D, Hallet M. 1996. Activation of the primary visual cortex by Braille reading in blind subjects. Nature 380:525-528.

Google

Sanes JN, Donoghue JP. 1996. Static and dynamic organization of motor cortex. Adv Neurol. Brain Plastic 73:277-296.

Google

Sanes JN, Donoghue JP. 1997. Dynamic motor cortical organization. Neuroscientist 3:158-165.

Google

Sanes JN, Donoghue JP, Thangaraj V, Edelman RR, Warach S. 1995. Shared neural substrates controlling hand movements in human motor cortex. Science 268:1775-1777.

Google

Savage-Rumbaugh ES, Rumbaugh D. 1993. The emergence of language. In: Gibson KR, Ingold T, editors. Tools, language and cognition in human evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 86-100.

Google

Savage-Rumbaugh ES, Rumbaugh D, McDonald K. 1985. Language learning in two species of apes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 9:653-665.

Google

Scott RB, Harrison J, Boulton C, Wilson J, Gregory R, Parkin S, Bain PG, Joint C, Stein J, Aziz TZ. 2002. Global attentionalexecutive sequelae following surgical lesions to globus pallidus interna. Brain 125:562-574.

Google

Semendeferi K, Damasio H, Frank R, Van Hoesen GW. 1997. The evolution of the frontal lobes: a volumetric analysis based on three-dimensional reconstructions of magnetic resonance scans of human and ape brains. J Hum Evol 32:375-378.

Google

Semendeferi K, Lu A, Schenker N, Damasio H. 2002. Humans and apes share a large frontal cortex. Nat Neurosci 5:272-276.

Google

Shankweiler D, Crain S, Gorell P, Tuller B. 1989. Reception of language in Broca's aphasia. Lang Cogn Proc 4:1-33.

Google

Smith BL. 1978. Temporal aspects of English speech production: a developmental perspective. J Phonetics 6:37-68.

Google

Spurzheim JK. 1815. The physiognomical system of Gall and Spurzheim. London.

Google

Stephan HH, Frahm B, Baron G. 1981. New and revised data on volumes of brain structures in insectivores and primates. Folia Primatol (Basel) 35:1-29.

Google

Stevens KN. 1972. Quantal nature of speech. In: David EE Jr, Denes PB, editors. Human communication: a unified view. New York: McGraw Hill. p 51-66.

Google

Stringer CB. 1992. Evolution of early humans. In: Jones S, Martin R, Pilbeam D, editors. The Cambridge encylopedia of human evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 241-251.

Google

Stromswold K, Caplan D, Alpert N, Rausch S. 1996. Localization of syntactic processing by positron emission tomography. Brain Lang 51:452-473.

Google

Strub RL. 1989. Frontal lobe syndrome in a patient with bilateral globus pallidus lesions. Arch Neurol 46:1024-1027.

Google

Stuss DT, Benson DF. 1986. The frontal lobes. New York: Raven.

Google

Taylor AE, Saint-Cyr JA, Lang AE. 1990. Memory and learning in early Parkinson's disease: evidence for a "frontal lobe syndrome." Brain Cogn 13:211-232.

Google

Terrace HS, Petitto LA, Sanders RJ, Bever TG. 1979. Can an ape create a sentence? Science 206:821-901.

Google

Thach WT. 1996. On the specific role of the cerebellum in motor learning and cognition: clues from PET activation and lesion studies in man. Behav Brain Sci 19:411-431.

Google

Thelen E, Cooke DW. 1987. Relationship between newborn stepping and later walking: a new interpretation. Dev Med Child Neurol 29:380-393.

Google

Ungerleider LG. 1995. Functional brain imaging studies of cortical mechanisms for memory. Science 270:769-775.

Google

Vallar G, Betta AMD, Silveri MC. 1997. The phonological shortterm store-rehearsal system. Neuropsychologia 35:795-812.

Google

Vargha-Khadem F, Watkins KE, Price CJ, Ashbruner J, Alcock KJ, Connelly A, Frackowiak RSJ, Friston KJ, Pembrey ME, Mishkin M, Gadian DG, Passingham RE. 1998. Neural basis of an inherited speech and language disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:2695-12700.

Google

Vleck E. 1970. Etude comparative onto-phyloge´ne´tique de l'enfant du Pech-de-L'Aze´ par rapport a` d'autres enfants neanderthaliens. In: Feremback D, editor. L'enfant Pech-de-L'Aze´. Paris: Masson. p 149-186.

Google

Warden CJ, Warner LH. 1928. The sensory capacities and intelligence of dogs, with a report on the ability of the noted dog "Fellow" to respond to verbal stimuli. Q Rev Biol 3:1-28.

Google

Warrington E, Logue V, Pratt R. 1971. The anatomical localization of the selective impairment of auditory verbal short-term memory. Neuropsychologia 9:377-387.

Google

Watkins KE, Vargha-Khadem F, Ashburner J, Passingham RE, Connelly A, Friston KJ, Frackiwiak RSJ, Miskin M, Gadian DG. 2002. MRI analysis of an inherited speech and language disorder: structural brain abnormalities. Brain 125:465-478.

Google

Wernicke C. 1874. The aphasic symptom complex: a psychological study on a neurological basis. Breslau: Kohn and Weigert. Reprinted in: Cohen RS, Wartofsky MW, editors. Boston studies in the philosophy of science, volume 4. Boston: Reidel.

Google

Wilkins WK, Wakefield J. 1995. Brain evolution and neurolinguistic preconditions. Behav Brain Sci 18:161-226.

Google UIUC

Xuerob JH, Tomlinson BE, Irving D, Perry RH, Blessed G, Perry EK. 1990. Cortical and subcortical pathology in Parkinson's disease: relationship to Parkinsonian dementia. Adv Neurol 53:35-39.

Google

Zuberbuhler K. 2002. A syntactic rule in forest monkey communication. Anim Behav 63:293-299.

Google

Zurif EB, Caramazza A, Meyerson R. 1972. Grammatical judgements of agrammatic aphasics. Neuropsychologia 10:405-418.

Google

 HOME   ::   Back to the Paper   ::   References Comments to: junwang4 you-know-at gmail.com Last update: 11/16/07