[1] J. A. H. Murray, H. Bradley, W. A. Craigie, C. T. Onions (Eds.), The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1993.

[2] A. M. Turing, The chemical basis of morphogenesis, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 237 (1952) 37-72.

[3] C. von der Marlsburg, Network self-organization, in: S. Zornetzer, J. L. Davis, C. Lau (Eds.), An Introduction to Neural and Electronic Networks, 2nd Edition, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1995, pp. 421-432.

[4] D. Jefferson, Personal communication (Aug 1999).

[5] M. L. Minsky, Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines, Prentice-Hall, 1967.

[6] M. Gell-Mann, Simplicity and complexity in the description of nature, Engineering and Science LI (3) (1988) 3-9, california Institute of Technology.

[7] S. F. Camazine, J.-L. Deneubourg, N. R. Franks, J. Sneyd, G. Theraulaz, E. Bonabeau, Self-Organization in Biological Systems, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2001.

[8] G. Cairns-Smith, Personal communication (Aug 2001).

[9] S. Wolfram, Cellular automata as models of complexity, Nature 311 (1984) 419-428.

[10] S. Wolfram, A New Kind of Scienece, Wolfram Media, Champaign, IL, 2002. URL http://www.wolframscience.com/

[11] C. Allen, M. Bekoff (Eds.), Nature's Purposes: Analyses of Function and Design in Biology, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998.

[12] P. R. Krugman, The Self-Organizing Economy, Blackwell Publishers, 1996.

[13] L. W. Buss, The Evolution of Individuality, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1987.

[14] D. Gordon, Ants at Work: How An Insect Society Is Organized, Norton, W. W. and Co. Inc., 2000.

[15] B. H¨olldobler, E. O. Wilson, The Ants, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1990.

[16] S. A. Kauffman, The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1993.

[17] J. Hopfield, Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities, PNAS 79 (1982) 2554-2558.

[18] T. Kohonen, Self-organizing formation of topologically correct feature maps, Biol. Cyb. 43 (1) (1982) 59-69.

[19] S. Haykin, Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1999.

[20] T. Kohonen, Self-Organizing Maps, Vol. 30 of Springer Series in Information Sciences, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1995, (Second Extended Edition 1997).

[21] E. Erwin, K. Obermeyer, K. Schulten, Convergence properties of self-organizing maps, in: T. Kohonen, K. M¨akisara, O. Simula, J. Kangas (Eds.), Artificial Neural Networks, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1991, pp. 409-414.

[22] E. Bonabeau, M. Dorigo, G. Theraulaz, Inspiration from optimization from social insect behaviour, Nature 406 (2000) 39-42.

[23] G. D. Caro, M. Dorigo, Antnet: Distributed stigmergetic control for communications networks, Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 9 (1998) 317-365. URL citeseer.nj.nec.com/dicaro98antnet.html

[24] M. Dorigo, L. M. Gambardella, Ant colony system: A cooperative learning approach to the traveling salesman problem, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 1 (1) (1997) 53-66. URL citeseer.nj.nec.com/article/dorigo97ant.html

[25] G. J. Pottie, W. J. Kaiser, Wireless integrated network sensors, Comm. of the ACM 43 (5) (2000) 51-58.

[26] T. Robertazzi, P. Sardchik, Self organizing communication networks, IEEE Communications Magazine 24 (1) (1986) 28-33.

[27] W. Ye, J. Heidemann, D. Estrin, An energy-efficient mac protocol for wireless sensor networks, in: Proceedings of the 21st International Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM 2002), New York, NY, 2002.

[28] L. Steels, Perceptually grounded meaning creation, in: V. Lesser (Ed.), Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems, MIT Press, 1996. URL citeseer.nj.nec.com/steels96perceptually.html

[29] L. Steels, P. Vogt, Grounding adaptive language games in robotic agents, in: C. Husbands, I. Harvey (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL97), MIT Press, 1997. URL citeseer.nj.nec.com/steels97grounding.html

[30] T. Hashimoto, T. Ikegami, Emergence of net-grammar in communicating agents, BioSystems 38 (1996) 1-14.

[31] S. Kirby, Syntax out of learning: the cultural evolution of structured communication in a population of induction algorithms, in: D. Floreano, J. D. Nicoud, F. Mondada (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL99), 1999, pp. 694-703. URL http://ling.ed.ac.uk/anonftp/pub/staff/kirby/ecal99.ps.gz

[32] S. Kirby, Learning, Bottlenecks and the Evolution of Recursive Syntax, Cambridge University Press, 2002, Ch. 6. URL http://ling.ed.ac.uk/anonftp/pub/staff/kirby/ted.ps.gz

[33] J. M. Bernardo, A. F. M. Smith, Bayesian theory, Wiley, New York, 1996.

[34] H. Wang, K. Yao, G. Pottie, D. Estrin, Entropy-based sensor selection in localization, Tech. Rep. 0011, Center for Embedded Network Sensors (April 2003).

[35] J. Chen, K. Yao, R. Hudson, Source localization and beamforming, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 19 (2002) 30-39.

[36] M. Twain, Puddin'head Wilson and Those Extraordinary Twins, Penquin, 1894.

[37] M. Eigen, P. Schuster, The Hypercycle:A Principle of Natural Self-Organization, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1979.

[38] N. L. Komarova, M. A. Nowak, The evolutionary dynamics of the lexical matrix, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 63 (2001) 451-484.

[39] M. Resnick, Turtles, termites, and traffic jams: explorations in massively parallel microworlds, MIT Press, 1994.