[1] C. Angelo and D. Parisi. The emergence of a language in an evolving population of neural networks. Technical report, National Research Council, Rome, 1996. NSAL--96004.

[2] C. Browman and L. Goldstein. Competing constraints on intergestural coordination and self-organization of phonological structures. Bulletin de la Communication Parlee, 5:25--34, 2000.

[3] R. Carlson, B. Granstrom, and G. Fant. Some studies concerning perception of isolated vowels. Speech Transmission Laboratory-Quarterly Progress and Status Report, 2-3:19--35, 1970.

[4] N. Chomsky. Language and Mind. Harper and Row, New York, 1972.

[5] D. Curran and C. O'Riordan. Language evolution in artificial systems. Technical report, Department of IT., NUI, Galway, 2002.

[6] B. de Boer. Generating vowel systems in a population of agents. In Fourth European conference on Artificial Life, pages 503--510. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1997.

[7] B. de Boer. Self organisation in vowel systems through imitation. In Computational Phonology, Third Meeting of the ACL SIGPHON, 1997.

[8] B. de Boer. Emergence of sound systems through self-organisation. In H. La Poutre' and J. van den Herik, editors, NAIC '98 Proceedings, pages 37--46, Amsterdam, 1998.

[9] B. de Boer. Self-organisation in vowel systems, 1999. PhD Thesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel AI-lab.

[10] B. de Boer. Emergence of vowel systems through self-organisation. AI Communications, 13(1):27--40, 2000.

[11] J.M. Epstein and R.L. Axtell. Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up. Brookings Institution, 1996.

[12] K. Harrison, M. Dras, and B. Kapicioglu. Emergent behavior in phonological pattern change. In Artificial Life VIII. MIT Press, 2003.

[13] E. Hutchins and B. Hazlehurst. How to invent a lexicon: The development of shared symbols in interaction. In N. Gilbert and R. Conte, editors, Artificial Societies: The Computer Simulation of Social Life, pages 157-189. UCL Press: London, 1995.

[14] K. Kohler. The development of sound systems in human language. In J. Hurford, M. Studdert-Kennedy, and C. Knight, editors, Approaches to the Evolution of Language, pages 265--278. Cambridge University Press, 1998.

[15] P. Ladefoged. A Course in Phonetics. Harcourt Brace, 2001.

[16] L. Liljencrants and B. Lindblom. Numerical simulations of vowel quality systems. Language, 48:839--862, 1972.

[17] I. MacKay. Phonetics: The Science of Speech Production. Little and Brown, Boston, 1987.

[18] B. MacLennan. Synthetic ethology: An approach to the study of communication. In C. Langton, C. Taylor, J. Farmer, and S. Rasmussen, editors, Artificial Life II, pages 631--658. Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA, 1992.

[19] S. Maeda. Compensatory articulation during speech: Evidence from the analysis and synthesis of vocal tract shapes using an articulatory model. In W.J. Hardcastle and A. Marchal, editors, Speech Production and Speech Modelling, pages 131--149. Kluwer, 1986.

[20] T. Satterfield. The socio-genetic solution: A new look at language genesis through swarm modeling. Technical report, Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, 2000. CSCS-2000-007.

[21] M. Schroder, S. Atal, and J. L. Hall. Objective measure of certain speech signal degradations based on masking properties of human auditory perception. In B. Lindblom and S. Ohman, editors, Frontiers of speech communciation and research, pages 217--229, London, 1979. Academic Press.

[22] K. Smith, H. Brighton, and S. Kirby. Complex systems in language evolution: the cultural emergence of compositional structure. Advances in Complex Systems, forthcoming.

[23] L. Steels. The synthetic modeling of language origins. Evolution of Communication, 1:1--34, 1997.

[24] L. Steels. The origins of syntax in visually grounded robotic agents. Artificial Intelligence, 103(1-2):133--156, 1998.

[25] L. Steels. The puzzle of language evolution. Kognitionswissenschaft, 8(4):143--150, 2000.

[26] L. Steels and P. Vogt. Grounding adaptive language games in robotic agents. In C. Husbands and I. Harvey, editors, Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Artificial Life, Cambridge MA and London, 1997. MIT Press.

[27] I. Ulbaek. The origin of language and cognition. In J. Hurford, M. StuddertKennedy, and C. Knight, editors, Approaches to the Evolution of Language, pages 30--43. Cambridge University Press, 1998.

[28] R. Walshe. The origin of the speeches: Language evolution through collaborative reinforcement learning. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2190:239, 2001.

[29] R. Worden. The evolution of language from social intelligence. In J. Hurford, M. Studdert-Kennedy, and C. Knight, editors, Approaches to the Evolution of Language, pages 148--166. Cambridge University Press, 1998.

[30] W. Zuidema. Emergent syntax: The unremitting value of computational modeling for understanding the origins of complex language. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2159:641, 2001.