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Authoritative: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01333-9   (Publisher's PDF... likely be available here.)

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Abstract

Much current discussion of the evolution of language has concerned the emergence of a stage in which single vocal or gestural signals were used symbolically. Assuming the existence of such a stage, the present review decomposes the emergence of modern language into nine partially ordered steps, each of which contributes to precision and variety of expression. Bickerton's proposed `protolanguage' falls somewhere in the middle of this succession. In addition to the by-now accepted evidence from language learning, language disorders, and ape language experiments, modern languages provide evidence of these stages of evolution through the presence of detectable `fossils' in vocabulary and grammar.

Keywords: Language; Syntax; Evolution; Symbols; Semantic relationships

@article{jackendoff99possibleStages,
  author={Ray Jackendoff},
  title={Possible stages in the evolution of the language capacity},
  journal={Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
  year={1999},
  volume={3},
  number={7},
  pages={272-279},
  doi={10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01333-9},
  url={http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/~amag/langev/paper/jackendoff99possibleStages.html},
  keywords={Language; Syntax; Evolution; Symbols; Semantic relationships}
}

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